The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive RISK and how to RISK is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of RISK perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

In this paper, a novel RISK-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability RISK index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability RISK employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the RISK index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed RISK index is better at estimating the voltage instability RISK of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed RISK-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

In the past two decades caries RISK prediction has been and important subject for investigators. Caries RISK assessment is an effective method for the prediction of future caries. By CRA the high-RISK groups are determined. Then the prevention programs in relation to high-RISK groups, be perform. This article is the results of a research project which has been performed by the author in Tehran. 218 primary school children (7 years old) have participated in this study. They have been examined for caries RISK factors in three stages: 1- By a questionnaire for personal and socio demographic information. 2- Bite wing radiography to diagnosis the incipient proximal caries. 3- Dental examination of the student. Results of the research showed 34 person (15.6%) were high-RISK, 63 person were low-RISK and 121 person (55.5%) were moderate RISK. Some of the caries RISK factor have been also evaluated.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is one of the most common cause of neurological impairment at a young age with a complex etiology. The forkhead/winged helix (FOXP3) gene encodes a transcription factor that plays an important role in the working and progress of regulatory T cells. Loss of the FOXP3 function impairs the suppressor activity of regulatory T (T-reg) cells, which have been reported in MS patients.Objectives: To determine whether rs2232365 and rs3761548 polymorphisms of FOXP3 are associated with the RISK of MS in an Iranian population.Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 384 samples consisting of 190 MS patients and 194 unrelated healthy subjects from the Iranian population were recruited between December 2014 and September 2015. The patients were diagnosed by a neurologist based on McDonald’s criteria. The control group had no history or presence of autoimmune diseases. The polymorphisms were genotyped using tetra-ARMS PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques.Results: The Rs2232365 G allele was significantly associated with an increased RISK of MS (P=0.0068). In contrast, the allele and genotype frequencies of rs3761548 was not significantly different between the case and control groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: The FUNCTIONAL variant of the FOXP3, rs2232365 A/G, may be considered a substantial RISK factor for MS.

The most commonly used utility FUNCTIONAL forms are reviewed and their properties compared. Then, using data collected from West Azarbaijan province, utility functions are estimated and absolute RISK aversion coefficients measured. Exponential and expopower utility functions classified all farmers as RISK averse, but quadratic and cubic utility functions classified 75% and 65% of farmers as RISK-averse, respectively. Findings in this study indicated that alternative utility functions may classify farmers’ RISK attitudes in different ways.